R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, -CH(R a )OPO(OH)2, -CO-Y, -t-PO(OY) 2 , +PO(OH) 2 , -C(=0)-Y, -CO-U, -C(=0)-(CH 2 )rU, and -CH2-V, where R a is hydrogen or CH3, where Y is -Z-(CH2)q-W-R b , q is 0-4, where Z and W are independently selected from the group consisting of: CH2, O, S, R C and R b , where R c is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, and C3-C6 cycloalkyl, R b is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 substituted alkyl, C1-C12 alkenyl, C1-C12 substituted alkenyl, C1-C12 alkynyl, C1-C12 substituted alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 substituted cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 substituted aryl, C3-C8 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C8 substituted heterocycloalkyl, C4-C10 heteroaryl, and C4-C10 substituted heteroaryl, where r is 0-5, U is selected from aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, where V is -0-C(=0)-Q-(CH2)r-R d , where Q is selected from the group consisting of: a bond, O, and N(R C ), where R d is selected from the group consisting of: C6-C10 aryl, C4-C10 heteroaryl, C3-C8 heterocycloalkyl, a hexose, a pentose, and - (5-methyl-2-oxo-l,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl), or alternatively -C(=0)-Y forms an amide bond thru a nitrogen atom on Y in which case Y is a selected from the group consisting of: glycine, sarcosine, ,-diemthyl glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, ornithine, arigine, serine, and theronine
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Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in energy production and DNA replication
Rare but serious (less than 1 in 1,000 people): allergic reactions with rash, itching, swelling of face or throat, trouble breathing
The agency would have to solicit public comment and an advisory committee of health and pharmacy experts would have to review the FDAs research
