2015 study conducted in taiwan found that treatment with l-carnitine pretreatment ameliorates heat stress-induced acute kidney injury by restoring mitochondrial function of tubular cells | American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology Frontiers | Primary carnitine deficiency:
Frontiers Primary carnitine deficiency: Estimation of prevalence in Chinese population and insights into newborn screening Carnitine: Genetic Variants Affecting Mitochondrial Energy and Health Innovative carnitine fed rats model reveals resveratrol butyrate Ester's multimechanistic role in reducing TMAO and cardiovascular risk ScienceDirect Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics [HK J Paediatr (New Series) 2020;25:23 29]
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