tobacco harms the cardiovascular system by increasing December: ALSPAC research and heart damage | News and features Tobacco smoking in childhood associated

Although the number of doctors has increased by 5,000 over the past decade, only 260 are GPs and many are nearing retirement.34 Forty-two percent of the workforce are international medical graduates the highest proportion in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.35 Retention is a challenge: just over 40 percent of international medical graduates leave within a year, and 75 percent leave within a decade.36 Medical education is concentrated at the University of Otago and the University of Auckland, which together produce 10.6 medical graduates for every 100,000 people.37 Annual tuition ranges from NZD 20,000 to NZD 40,000 (USD 12,092 to USD 24,184).38 A third medical school, proposed for the University of Waikato, is expected to produce an extra 120 graduates a year by 2031, with a focus on rural and general practice.39 The 2024 budget dedicated NZD 17 billion (USD 10 billion) to expanding training and strengthening workforce capacity.40 Hospitals BY THE NUMBERS In 2023, there were 251 hospital beds per 100,000 people (compared with an average of 537 across high-income countries).41 In 2025, there were 1,603 nurses per 100,000 people (compared with an average of 434 across the Western Pacific in 2022).42 The hospital system is mostly public, funded by general taxation and managed centrally by Health New Zealand since July 2022

Martin, William E., Helen M

Jordan: I love food

they start out identical, but the processing certainly changes the flavor profile