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Innate immune responses to pathogens at the maternal-fetal interface

Recent work has identified the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a key mediator in lipotoxicity, with Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) activation promoting lipogenesis and inflammation (211)

Although some progress has been made by targeting key molecules in these aberrant metabolic pathways, using cancer metabolism as a therapeutic target still faces significant challenges that impact its clinical success

However, emerging evidence highlights the role of EVs as active participants in glucose metabolism, influencing glucose uptake, glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and metabolic reprogramming [59, 60]