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Ethics declarations Competing interests All authors are employees of The Institute of Cancer Research, which has a commercial interest in abiraterone acetate

In PD, -syn aggregates also stimulate NLRP3 activation through mitochondrial stress and mtDNA release, exacerbating dopaminergic neuron degeneration [113, 114]

It has been shown that astrocyte-mediated activation of transforming growth factor- -activated-kinase 1 (TAK1) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) mitigated anxiety-like behaviors (Zhao et al., 2021)

Over time, mitochondrial damage accumulates, impairing their efficiency and releasing DAMPs into the cellular environment, which further stimulates inflammatory signalling, creating a selfperpetuating loop of mitochondrial dysfunction and OS, ultimately impairing energydependent wound repair processes such as cell migration and matrix deposition [52]