l carnitine fumarate molecular weight L-Carnitine 90471-79-7 wiki Carnitine | C7H15NO3 | CID

Many injuries can heal independently if the affected area has a steady blood supply

Zhong et al., Efficient iron and ROS nanoscavengers for brain protection after intracerebral hemorrhage

The classical M1 activation phenotype, induced by the presence of IFN-, released by T cells, LPS or DAMP, is characterized by a microglia with the capacity to produce inflammatory cytokines (IL-23, IL-18, IL-12, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, CCL2, and CXCL10), ROS, NO and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP3), as well as acting as an antigen-presenting cell preventing the entry of pathogens (Liu et al., 2019)

The mechanisms by which TMAO raises CV risk and accelerates atherosclerosis are not well understood, but studies have shown that TMAO arising from both choline and L-carnitine supplementation in mice may inhibit reverse cholesterol transport 35 and enhance foam cell formation in both arterial and peritoneal cavity 47