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30 Blazing Hot Takes: The Latest in Vaping With Drs. Ling and Vijayaraghavan The Curbsiders Relations among cigarette dependence, e cigarette dependence, and key dependence criteria among dual users of combustible and e cigarettes. Using the Penn State Nicotine Dependence Index (possible range 020), #ecig dependence increased slightly through Week 4 and then declined. At all timepoints, ecig dependence was significantly lower than combustible cigarette dependence. Traditional and Electronic Cigarette Usage Patterns, Dependence, and Perceptions Among Ajman University Students

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